SUMMER LINKS

Click on these links and review the SCIENCE topics studied during the year:

Learning in summer!!

SUMMER PLAN FOR 4º, 5º Y 6º

It is very recommended for you to read some of the books listed below (3 or 4 during summer):

Click on this link and choose from a selection of books related to SCIENCE.

Later, you can use your notebook to write down your findings and VOCABULARY LISTS.

Enjoy summer and read a lot!

BOOKS FOR SUMMER

QUIZZ QUESTIONS 6º

THE MIDDLE AGES

1) Comprehension: read and write your own opinions.
-The Visigoths established their own kingdoms. Leovigild made Toledo the capital of the kingdom. Roderic was defeated by the muslims. the Visigoths became Christians. The Visigoths built small stone churches.
2) True or False?
-It took the muslims many years to defeat the visigoths.
-The capital of Al-Andalus was Cordoba.
-Al Andalus was divided into smaller villages called taifas.
-The taifas fought among themselves.
-In 1212 the muslims defeated the Christians.
-Al Andalus society was formed by muslims, christians and jews.
3) Answer:
- What is the name of the Christian expansion after the Muslim invasion?
-Which were the Christian kingdoms around the year 1230?
-When were the Crowns of Castile and Aragon united?
-Most people in medieval society were...............
-When did the palaces and cathedrals begin to be built in the Gothic style?

THE 20TH CENTURY IN SPAIN

 1) True or False?
- The Generation of 98 was a gro

up of politicians.
-Industrial workers lived in big cities
-There was a revolt in Madrid in 1909.
-In 1923, Primo de Rivera established a dictatorship
-In 1931, Republican candidates won local elections.
-Alfonso XIII left the country.
-The first republic was established.
2) Finish the sentences:
-The Civil War began.............
-The war ended..................
-Under Franco, there was only........
-Spain was isolated.................
-The tourists industry...............
-Franco died in.....................
3) Complete:
-In 1975, Spain became a constitutional...........
-King Juan Carlos appointed Adolfo Suarez......
-Political parties and ........... were legalized.
-The Parliament and the majority of the Spanish population approved a new...
-Spain ..........a member of the European Union.

QUIZZ QUESTIONS 5º

PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY

1) Write these questions in Past Tense:
- The Stone Age begins 2,5 million years ago.
-Stone tools are used.
-In the Palaeolithic period, people move from place to place.
-In the Neolithic period, people live permanently in one place.
-They are farmers and have crops and domestic animals.
-The Metal Ages begin about 7000 years ago.
-Metal tools are used.
-The wheel and the plough are invented.
2) Complete:
-The Iberians lived in the ...............and south of the peninsula.
-They lived in walled settlements with............houses.
-They were divided into.............
-They were herders, ......... traders, and craftsmen.
-The............lived in the centre and north of the peninsula.
-They lived in walled settlements with ................houses.
-They were herders, farmers and expert....................
3)Complete:
-More than 2000 years ago, the Romans...................
-The Romans called the peninsula...........................
-The conquered tribes....................
-Seneca was....................
-Hispania was.......................
-The Visigoth invaders entered the peninsula.............
-Roman cities had.............................
-A forum was....................
-Aqueducts transported..............
4) True of False?
- The Phoenicians came from ASIA/GREECE
-They settled on the EASTERN/SOUTHERN coast.
-The Greeks settled on the SOUTHERN/MEDITERRANEAN coast.
-They founded the city of DENIA/CADIZ
-The Carthaginians came from ASIA/ NORTH AFRICA.

THE MIDDLE AGES

1) True or False?
-Under the Roman Empire the inhabitants of Hispania spoke Latin.
-The Visigoths crossed the sea into Hispania.
-Madrid was their capital.
-The Visigoths lived in villages.
-They used the land for agriculture.
-They were expert farmers.
2) Complete:
-In 711 a small army of muslims from northern..........invaded Visigothic Spain.
-In.........years the muslisms conquered most of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
-Under the muslims......was called Al-Andalus.
-Their highets authority was the............
-Their religion was.....................
-Christians continued to live in the...........of the Peninsula.
-Their highest authority was the............
3) Complete:
-Al-Andalus weakened around the year........
-Al Andalus broke up into .....................
-The muslim kingdoms were called.........
-The Christian kingdoms became ...........and more prosperous.
-The taifas were weak and ............many battles.
-The Christian Reconquest was ................in 1492.
-The Catholic Monarchs conquered the last muslim kingdom of ..............
4) Complete:
-The muslims built...............and...................and ............on hills.
-They occupied the centre and south of the peninsula for ...... hundred years.
-The philosopher Averroes was born in ................

READING COMPREHENSION: "THE PALACE WHERE MUSLIMS PRAY"

Muslims pray five times a day. On Fridays, they meet in mosques for community prayer. The muezzin is responsible for calling Muslims to pray. He calls them from a minaret, the mosque tower.
Inside the mosque, believers kneel and pray towards the wall which faces in the direction of Mecca. Mecca is the most sacred Muslim city.
As well as being a place of prayer, mosques are used as meeting places and even schools. Mosques have a large courtyard at the entrance, a prayer hall inside, and one or more minarets, depending on their size.
During the Middle Ages, muslims built many mosques on the Iberian Peninsula. The most importat one is in Cordoba, the capital of Al-andalus.

Complete:
-Mosques are used for.............................
-The muezzin is responsible for...................

1492 and The Spanish Empire

Spanish influence on the new continent

The Catholic Monarchs, The Reconquest and the Discovery of America

Link on the History of Spain: Click and find out about our History

BRIEF HISTORY OF SPAIN: Read and think about it.

One of the characteristic features of the early history of Spain is the succesive waves of different peoples who spread all over the Peninsula. The first to appear were the Iberians, a Libyan people, who came from the south. Later came the Celts, a typically Aryan people, and from the merging of the two there arose a new race, the Celtiberians, who, divided into several tribes (Cantabrians, Asturians, Lusitanians) gave their name to their respective homelands. The next to arrive, attracted by mining wealth, were the Phoenicians, who founded a number of trading posts along the coast, the most important being that of Cadiz. After this came Greek settlers, who founded several towns, including Rosas, Ampurias and Sagunto. The Phoenicians, in their struggle against the Greeks, called on the Carthaginians, who, under the orders of Hamilcar Barca, took possession of most of Spain. It was at this time that Rome raised a border dispute in defense of the areas of Greek influence, and thus beguan in the Peninsula the Second Punic War, which decided the fate of the world at that time.
After the Roman victory, Publius Cornelius Scipio, Africanus, began the conquest of Spain, which was to be under Roman rule for six centuries. Once the Peninsula had been completely subdued, it was Romanized to such an extent that it produced writers of the stature of Seneca and Lucan and such eminent emperors as Trajan and Hadrian. Rome left in Spain four powerful social elements: the Latin language, Roman law, the municipality and the Christian religion. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Suevi, Vandals and Alans entered Spain, but they were defeated by the Visigoths who, by the end of the 6th century, has occupied virtually the whole of the Peninsula. At the beginning of the 8th century the Arabs entered from the south. They conquered the country swiftly except for a small bulwark in the North which would become the initial springboard for the Reconquest, which was not completed until eight centuries later. The period of Muslim sway is divided into three periods: the Emirate (711 to 756), the Caliphate (756-1031) and the Reinos de Taifas (small independent kingdoms) (1031 to 1492). In 1469, the marriage of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon, prepared the way for the union of the two kigdoms and marked the opening of a period of growing success for Spain, since during their reign, Granada, the last stronghold of the Arabs in Spain, was conquered and, at the same time, in the same historic year of 1492, the caravels sent by the Crown of Castile under the command of Christopher Columbus discovered America. The Canary Islands became part of Spanish territory (1495), the hegemony of Spain in the Mediterranean, to the detriment of France, was affirmed with the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, and Navarre was incorporated into the Kingdom. The next two centuries, the 16th and the 17th, witnessed the construction and apogee of the Spanish Empire as a result of which the country, under the aegis of the Austrias, became the world's foremost power, and European politics hinged upon it. The War of Succession to the Spanish Crown (1701-1714) marked the end of the dynasty of the Habsburgs and the coming of the Bourbons. The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 formalized the British occupation of the Rock of Gibraltar, giving rise to an anachronistic colonial situation which still persists today and constitutes the only dispute between Spain and the United Kingdom. In 1808 Joseph Bonaparte was installed on the Spanish throne, following the Napoleonic invasion, although the fierce resistance of the Spanish people culminated in the restoration of the Bourbons in the person of Fernando VII. In 1873, the brief reign of Amadeo of Savoy ended with his abdication, and the First Republic was proclaimed. However, a military pronunciamiento in 1875, restored the monarchy and Alfonso XII was proclaimed King of Spain. He was succeeded in 1886 by his son Alfonso XIII, although his mother Queen Maria Cristina of Habsburg acted as regent until 1902, when he was crowned king. Prior to this, a brief war with the United States resulted in the loss of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines, in 1898, thus completing the dissolution of the Spanish overseas empire. In the municipal elections of April 12th, 1931, it became clear that in all the large towns of Spain the candidates who supported the Monarchy had been heavily defeated. The size of the Republican's vote in cities such as Madrid and Barcelona was enormous. In the country districs the Monarchy gained enough seats to secure for them a majority in the nation as a whole. But it was well known that in the country the 'caciques' were still powerful enough to prevent a fair vote. By the evening of the day following the elections, great crowds were gathering in the streets of Madrid. The king's most trusted friends advised him to leave the capital without delay, to prevent bloodshed. As a result, Alfonso XIII left Spain and the Second Republic was established in April 14th. During its five-year lifetime, it was ridden with all kind of political, economic and social conflicts, which inexorably split opinions into two irreconcilable sides. The climate of growing violence culminated on July 18th 1936 in a military rising which turned into a tragic civil war which did not end until three years later. On October 1st, 1936, General Franco took over as Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The Spanish State embarked on a period of forty years' dictatorship, during which the political life of the country was characterized by the illegality of all the political parties with the exception of the National Movement. Franco died in 1975, bringing to an end a period of Spanish history and opening the way to the restoration of the monarchy with the rise to the Throne of the present King of Spain, Juan Carlos I de Borbon y Borbon. The young monarch soon established himself as a resolute motor for change to a western-style democracy by means of a cautious process of political reform which took as its starting point the Francoist legal structure. Adolfo Suarez, the prime minister of the second Monarchy Government (july 1976) carried out with determination and skill though helped, certainly, by a broad social consensus the socalled transition to democracy which, after going through several stages (recognition of basic liberties, political parties, including the communist party, the trade unions, an amnesty for political offences, etc.), culminated in the first democratic parliamentary elections in 41 years, on June 15th, 1977. The Cortes formed as a result decided to start a constituent process which concluded with the adoption of a new Constitution, ratified by universal suffrage, on December 6th, 1978. Between 1980 and 1982, the regions of Catalonia, the Basque Country, Galicia and Andalusia approved statutes for their own self-government and elected their respective parliaments. In January 1981, the prime minister, Adolfo Suarez, resigned and was succeeded by Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo. On August 27th, 1982, Calvo-Sotelo presented to the King a decree for the dissolution of Parliament and the calling of a general election to be held on October 28th. Victory of the polls went to the Spanish Socialist Worker Party (PSOE) and its secretary general, Felipe Gonzalez. The socialists obtained 202 seats out of the 350 of which the Lower House consists and approximately 48% of the popular vote. Felipe Gonzalez was elected prime minister (December 2nd) after the parliamentary vote of investiture. The major losers were the Union of the Democratic Centre -which has split up following the defection of a number of its members- and the Spanish Communist Party (PCE). The Popular Alliance, whose chairman was Manuel Fraga Iribarne, made considerable gains (106 seats and approximately 26% of the vote). The subsequent general elections of 1986, 1989 and 1993 were also won by the Spanish Socialist Party and consolidated the the position of the Popular Party, led by Jose Maria Aznar, as the second largest political force in the country

Activities for 6th grade

Do these activities in your notebook.

Write the words of each sentence in the correct order to make sense:

1) established / kingdom / Visigoths / the / their / own

2) Toledo / made / Leovigild / kingdom / capital / of / the / the

3) Muslims / Roderic / defeated / by / was / the

4) became / the / Christians / Visigoths
5) Visigoths / the / churches / stone / small / built

Complete:

The expansion of the Christian kingdoms after the ............................. invasion is called the Reconquest.
By around 1230, there were .................large ...........................in the Christian territory.
In 1479, the Crowns of Castile and ............................. were united.
Most people in medieval society were .................................
After the ......................century palaces and cathedrals were built in the Gothic style.

True or False?

1) It took the muslims many years to defeat the Visigoths.
2) The capital of Al-Andalus was Cordoba.
3) Al-Andalus was divided into smaller villages called taifas.
4) The Taifas fought among themselves.
5) In 1212 the muslims defeated the Christians.
6) Al-Andalus society was formed by muslims, christians and jews.

READING COMPREHENSION

THE PLAGUE

In the 14th century (the 1300's), a horrible disease struck Asia, Africa, and Europe. The people called this illness the Black Death. The disease started in Asia in the 1340's. It quickly spread to Africa, and  throughout Europe. 

Infected people first broke out with red ring shaped marks with dark center spots on their arms and necks. They would run high fevers. They became even more ill, and then they died.

In just two years, 25 million people died of the plague. In ten years, the plague had killed over 1/3 of Europe's population.  Can you imagine the fear people must have felt?

People were sick everywhere. Whole families were wiped out. Whole villages were wiped out.

At first, people locked their doors trying to protect themselves. They carried flowers to ward off the smell of the dead and dying. The skies were filled with ashes as people burned houses filled with the dead. Villages filled with the dead were burned down, to contain and kill the disease. Nothing worked. 

Outbreaks of the disease seemed to come in cycles. Just as people thought it was over, a new rash of illness would hit the towns, and from the towns move to the villages. 

People did not know that infected rats carried the disease. They thought it was a punishment from God for being wicked. They believed if you were bad, you would get the plague and die. 

The towns were hit the hardest. There was no sanitation in the towns. People threw their garage out on the street. To a rat, coming off a ship docked at port, the towns must have seemed like heaven.

Medieval knowledge of health, hygiene, and medical practices was very limited. Commoners and nobles alike took infrequent baths. The peasants slept and worked in the same clothes for days and even weeks at a time without washing themselves or their clothes. The nobles were not much better. Soap was made of lye, which was very rough on the skin. There was no toothpaste or toothbrushes. People used watered spices on their lips and teeth, but all that did was briefly hide the smell of rotting teeth. Peasants died young from malnutrition and the simplest of diseases. Women died in childbirth from ignorance. People handled cattle and then directly handled food. 

Even before the plague, what is amazing really is that anyone lived. The truth is, only the very strong survived. But the strong had no defense against the Black Death. No one was safe. And millions of people died. 

Outbreaks of the plague continued for two hundred years. The cause of the plague was not discovered until the 20th century (1900's.) Today, this disease is called the bubonic plague. We have a vaccine for the plague should an outbreak ever happen again. We're lucky. The people in the Middle Ages did not have vaccines to protect themselves from many diseases as we do today.

Write a summary of the text with your own words.

Activities for 5th grade

Complete these activities:

1) In the Paleolithic period craftsmen made.................by hitting one stone against another.
2) In the Neolithic period craftsmen made polished stone ...................................
3) They also made.......................
4) They also made......................
5) In the Metal Ages craftsmen made metal ......................................
6) The Phoenicians came from.....................
7) They settled on the ..................... coast.
8) The Greeks settled on the ...................... coast.
9) They founded the city of.........................
10) The Carthaginians came from .......................
11) The Stone Age began ............................. years ago.
12) Stone ............. were used.
13) In the Paleolithic period, people moved from place to place because they were ..................
14) In the Neolitihic period, people lived permanently in one place because they were ..............
15) They were ................. and had crops and ............... animals.
16) The Metal Ages began about ......................... years ago.
17) .................. tools were used.
18) The wheel and ................ were invented.
19) The Iberians lived in the ...............and south of the peninsula.
20) They lived in walled settlements with ................ houses.
21) They were divided into ................
22) They were herders, ................ traders and craftsmen.
23) The .......... lived in the centre and north of the peninsula.
24) They lived in walled settlements with ........... houses.
25) They were herders, farmers and expert ......................
26) More than 2000 years ago, the Romans conquered ....................
27) The Romans called it ........................
28) The conquered tribes spoke ...................
29) Seneca was a .......................
30) Hispania was Roman for ........................years.
31) The Visigoths invaders entered the peninsula from ......................
32) Roman cities had two main .............................
33) A forum was a large ............................
34) Aqueducts transported .........................

READING COMPREHENSIONS
(copy them on your notebook- cópialas ambas en tu cuaderno)

Measuring Time

Dates can be expressed as BC or AD. The birth of Christ, more than 2000 years ago, is used to make the first big division in historical time. Events that happened before the birth of Christ use the letters BC (Before Christ) after the date. For example, the prehistoric paintings in the Caves of Altamira are from the year 15000 BC.
Events taking place after the birth of Christ are identified with the letters AD after the date, but most of the time we do not use anything. For example, we could write that the Crown of Castile was formed in 1230 or in 1230 AD. Both forms are correct.
A period of one hundred years is called a century. The year 1492 was in the fifteenth century.

Order the historical events in chronological order:

711 AD: Muslims invaded the Iberian peninsula
753 BC: Rome was founded
1492: Columbus discovered America
1200 BC: the Phoenician alphabet was invented.

Write the century these dates are in:

211:
536:
1359:

Answer the questions:

What year were you born in? ......................
What century were you born in? .................
What century were your parents born in? ............
What century are we in now? ............................

GLADIATORS AND CHARIOTEERS

Circus games were the Roman's most popular form of entertainment. Games were held regularly, and lasted for many days. The events were advertised on signs and proclaimed throughout the city. People came from all over the Roman Empire to watch the games. Sometimes they slept outdoors waiting for the games to begin. The gladiators' fights and chariot races were the most popular circus games.
Most of the gladiators were slaves, prisioners of war, or criminals, but some were volunteers. All gladiators went to training schools to learn special fighting techniques. Many gladiators died in the fights. The president of the games decided if a gladiator lived or died.
Chariot races were held in the circuses. There were four different chariot teams which had different colors. the chariots were pulled by four horses and driven by the charioteer. The races were very dangerous. Chariots crashed, and men and horses were injured and killed.
Some gladiators and chariot drivers became rich and famous.

Answer:

Where did gladiators learn their techniques?

How many horses pulled chariots?

Imagine you live in ancient Rome and you are going to see the circus games. Describe your day.

Realiza estas actividades para el día 20 de mayo.